Virtual Malloc Logovirtual malloc
CASE STUDY

Ultra-Low Latency Network and Physical Infrastructure Design

Achieved end-to-end tick-to-trade latency in the range of 100–500 nanoseconds through co-designed network and physical infrastructure.

Situation

Even with optimized compute, network and physical transmission layers remained a dominant source of latency. Standard networking equipment and fiber introduced avoidable delays.

Solution

A custom low-latency infrastructure stack was designed. The network was treated as an extension of the compute pipeline, not a separate layer.

OUTCOMES

Optimized paths
for critical routes
4ns switching
port-to-port paths
35% lower
propagation delay

Challenges

Networking

  • •Switching latency
  • •Fiber propagation delays

Architecture

  • •Layered infrastructure separation
  • •Excess intermediary devices

Solutions

01

Nanosecond Switching Fabric

Deployed layer 1/1.5 switching platforms capable of single-digit nanosecond port-to-port latency.

  • Introduced ultra-fast switching hardware
  • Reduced packet traversal delays dramatically
  • Enabled deterministic port-to-port timing
02

Inline Switch Processing

Enabled inline processing directly within switching hardware.

  • Added timestamping at hardware level
  • Filtered packets during transit
  • Reduced downstream processing steps
03

Hollow-Core Fiber Routing

Adopted hollow-core fiber to reduce signal propagation delay by approximately 30–40%.

  • Shortened physical signal travel time
  • Optimized long-haul transmission paths
  • Improved end-to-end execution speed
04

Direct Exchange Paths

Designed hardware-to-exchange paths with minimal intermediary devices.

  • Reduced routing complexity across links
  • Eliminated unnecessary network hops